nổi

"nổi" means "able to" but has some sense of capacity, threshold and limit, rather than absolute binary (capable of, incapable of).

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"nổi" means "able to" but has some sense of capacity, threshold and limit, rather than absolute binary (capable of, incapable of). It is generally used in the spoken or colloquial language.

so sánh / compare
🇻🇳 Mình làm được.
🇻🇳 Mình làm nổi.

🇺🇸 I am able to do it.
🇺🇸 I am able to do it (it is within my capacity).

The distinction is much more apparent in the negative:

so sánh / compare
🇻🇳 Mình làm không được.
🇻🇳 Mình làm không nổi.

🇺🇸 I am not able to do it.
🇺🇸 I am not able to (successfully) do it (it is outside of my capacity).
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Mình làm không nổi (I'm not able to do it)
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so sánh / compare
🇻🇳 Mình bưng không được.
🇻🇳 Mình bưng không nổi.

🇺🇸 I can not lift (it).
🇺🇸 I can not lift (it). (It is too heavy.)

There is no strict usage pattern between được and nổi, so don't worry! These are all acceptable to express "Too heavy! I can't lift it.":

ví dụ / example
🇻🇳 ✅ Nặng quá! Mình bưng không được.
🇻🇳 ✅ Nặng quá! Mình bưng không nổi.
🇻🇳 ✅ Nặng quá! Mình không bưng được.
🇻🇳 ✅ Nặng quá! Mình không bưng nổi.

Here are the ways to express "Too hot! I can't stand it."

ví dụ / examples
🇻🇳 Nóng quá! Mình chịu không nổi.
🇺🇸 Too hot! I can't stand it.

🇻🇳 Cay quá! Mình chịu không nổi.
🇺🇸 Too spicy! I can't take it.

🇻🇳 Nóng tính quá! Mình không chịu nổi.
🇺🇸 Too hot-tempered! I can't stand [the person].

🇻🇳 Nồng quá! Mình không chịu nổi.
🇺🇸 Too (pungent) hot! I can't take it.

"nổi" can be in questions too:

ví dụ / examples
🇻🇳 Nổi không?
🇻🇳 Được không?

🇺🇸 (Are you) able to (do it)?
"Nổi" is mostly used in spoken or colloquial language. (You can see it typed out online, but unlikely on an official document.)
This is not the only meaning of the word "nổi".
There is "nỗi" which is a very similar word, but it is a different word.

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